Kettering Therapist Multiple-Choice (TMC) Practice Exam

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• What is the equation used to calculate minute ventilation (VE)?
• What condition is hyperlucency commonly associated with?
• What FiO2 percentage is delivered by a non-rebreather mask in emergencies?
• What is a key indicator of effective ventilation in a patient?
• What does the Silverman Score assess?
• During mechanical ventilation, what does increasing lung pressures indicate?
• What is the range of initial pressures recommended for PIP in infants during mechanical ventilation?
• Using the recorded measurements from a pulmonary artery catheter, how is the systemic vascular resistance calculated?
• What is the normal range for intracranial pressure (ICP)?
• What happens to vascular markings in cases of pneumothorax?
• What medical condition can bronchography (bronchogram) primarily identify?
• What is the primary role of sodium (Na+) in the body?
• What is the general outcome expected from the application of mechanical ventilation?
• Which chamber of the heart is associated with systemic arteries?
• How is Forced Vital Capacity defined?
• Which intercostal space is associated with electrode V4 placement?
• Which measurement is critical for accurately interpreting Cardiac Index?
• What does phosphatidylglycerol (PG) indicate in terms of pulmonary maturity?
• What determines the occurrence of respiratory acidosis or alkalosis?
• What triggers the end of a flow-cycled ventilation phase?
• What is the proper placement for a nasogastric tube?
• What is a key feature of atelectasis on imaging?
• Which flow rate is most appropriate for a nasal cannula in stable COPD patients?
• How is an acute tissue injury typically indicated on an ECG?
• What is the recommended cuff pressure for a tracheostomy tube?
• Which electrolyte is closely associated with fluid levels in the body?
• Which electrolyte level is closely associated with sodium (Na+)?
• Which therapy is monitored using Prothrombin Time?
• In a volume cycle mode, what happens once the preset volume is delivered?
• What medical condition is associated with fluid loss leading to hyponatremia?
• What is the recommended intervention for a patient with a PaO2 below 80 and an FiO2 of 60% or greater?
• What is a primary advantage of volume-cycled mechanical ventilation?
• In a case of hyperoxemia with a PaO2 above 100, what is the first action to take?
• What is an important diagnostic feature of atelectasis?
• Which variable is primarily adjusted by the ventilator to achieve inspiration?
• Which ECG change is typically seen in hyperkalemia?
• What could cause a persistent high pressure alarm in a patient receiving mechanical ventilation?
• Why might an inverse I:E ratio be used during mechanical ventilation?
• What is the calculation formula for dynamic compliance in mechanical ventilation?
• Where is the correct position of a pacemaker?
• What is the maximum acceptable variability for blood gas control solutions?
• Which statement is true regarding the placement of the sensor in capnography?
• When managing ventilation for a patient with hypoxemia, what is a suitable approach?
• In the Dubowitz or Ballard Method, how is gestational age assessed?
• What medication should be recommended for a patient anxious about fiberoptic bronchoscopy?
• What is the primary priority in an emergency related to ventilation?
• Which vital sign is considered normal for an infant's heart rate?
• Which conditions are indicated for an echocardiogram?
• What does a normal ventilation scan combined with an abnormal perfusion scan suggest?
• What does a radiodense/opacity appearance represent in imaging?
• If the FEV1 is decreased but the FEV1/FVC ratio is normal, what condition does the patient have?
• What is the normal airway resistance range for an intubated patient?
• What electrolyte is primarily associated with muscle function, including cardiac muscle?
• What indicates the need to switch to a fenestrated tube during a speaking trial?
• What visual characteristic indicates a problem with the QRS complex?
• What occurs when the oral endotracheal tube (ETT) is inserted more than 25 cm?
• When should a trach tube cuff be kept inflated?
• What should the RT do for a patient post-aortic valve replacement with an ABG indicating respiratory acidosis?
• What is the primary purpose of the Dubowitz or Ballard test?
• What is the relationship between ventilation and end-tidal CO2 during hypercapnia?
• What does the presence of a dicrotic notch in the pressure waveform during Swan-Ganz catheter insertion indicate?
• What L/S ratio suggests a low incidence of infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)?
• Which condition might cause increasing airway pressures during mechanical ventilation?
• What does infarction refer to in a cardiac context?
• Which method is used to measure Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)?
• What type of care is recommended for an APGAR score of 4-6?
• What disease state should a therapist suspect in a patient with dyspnea, diminished breath sounds, a flat percussion note on the left, and a tracheal shift to the right?
• Which side effects are associated with inhaled nitric oxide?
• What is the definition of consolidation in a medical context?
• What can an increase in PETCO2 indicate?
• How often should control solutions be run for blood gas analyzing?
• In terms of compliance, what does static compliance measure in mechanical ventilation?
• What is a primary use of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan?
• What is considered a normal infant temperature?
• What should be the focus when assessing a patient's mechanical ventilation status?
• What does an elevated S-T segment indicate on an ECG?
• What is one of the absolute indications for mechanical ventilation?
• How is the shunt fraction estimated given an A-aDO2 of 200 torr?
• What tidal volume (Vt) setting is typically recommended for infants according to initial mechanical ventilation settings?
• What type of medications are typically prescribed for tuberculosis?
• What does BSA stand for in the context of calculating Cardiac Index?
• Which device is known for delivering precise FiO2 concentrations ideal for COPD patients?
• What is the recommended action if intracranial pressure exceeds 20 mmHg?
• Which ventilator settings are most appropriate for a patient recently intubated for myasthenia gravis?
• What is the expected position of a pulmonary artery catheter?
• When troubleshooting a manual resuscitation bag, what action should be taken if the bag becomes difficult to compress?
• Which value of the oxygenation index indicates the need for ECMO in a newborn?
• What is the typical initial tidal volume (Vt) setting for mechanical ventilation in adults based on ideal body weight?
• What indicates a patent ductus arteriosus with a right to left shunt based on PaO2 measurements?
• What is a potential result of excessive fluid retention in a patient?
• For a P/F ratio that is considered normal, what is the threshold value?
• An elevated brain natriuretic protein (BNP) level would be consistent with a diagnosis of?
• Which suction catheter size is most appropriate for a patient with a size 7.5 mm ID ETT?
• What is a commonly recognized risk when lung compliance worsens during volume-cycled ventilation?
• Which condition involves cavity formation and is often found in the upper lobes?
• Which of the following statements is consistent with a high-quality radiographic image?
• How much air should be used to inflate a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) cuff for adequate sealing?
• What does the Airway Pressure Release Ventilation (APRV) mode provide to patients?
• If a patient exhibits hypoxemia with a PaO2 value below 80 and an FiO2 of .21 - .59, what could be a potential cause?
• What is the primary function of Assist Control mode in mechanical ventilation?
• What does Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (MVV) measure?
• What is the main purpose of measuring Maximum Voluntary Ventilation?
• What weight is generally considered normal for an infant at birth?
• If the dicrotic notch is observed, where is the pulmonary artery catheter located?
• What formula is used to calculate the duration of cylinder flow for an oxygen tank?
• What does a partial compensation indicate regarding pH and gas levels?
• What is the FiO2 range delivered by a simple mask?
• What setting indicates a patent ductus arteriosus with a right to left shunt based on pre and post-ductal blood gas studies?
• What does Pressure Regulated Volume Control (PRVC) provide during mechanical ventilation?
• Which value indicates respiratory acidosis?
• In which condition would a decrease in Cardiac Index be concerning?
• What is the significance of Cardiac Index?
• What is Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) primarily useful for detecting?
• When does lecithin appear in amniotic fluid?
• What should be done if a non-rebreather mask's reservoir bag remains fully inflated during inhalation for a carbon monoxide poisoning patient?
• What does decreased vital capacity indicate in a patient?
• Continuous bubbling in the suction control bottle of a chest tube indicates what?
• What is the likely cause of bilateral opacification in a patient who has undergone a sky diving accident?
• A decrease in exhaled nitric oxide concentration (FENO) in an asthma patient would indicate increased use of?
• How is the heart rate (HR) estimated on an ECG strip?
• What characterizes pressure-cycled mechanical ventilation?
• Which formula is used to calculate Cardiac Index?
• What does ischemia refer to in medical terms?
• What does decreased FEF 25-75 signify?
• What do vascular markings in radiology indicate?
• What is a potential cause of an elevated Cardiac Index?
• What should the RT do if a patient on nasal CPAP continues to exhibit obstructive apneic events?
• For nasal intubation, what mark should be expected at the patient's nare?
• Which condition is characterized by blunting of the costophrenic angle on imaging?
• Finding bronchial breath sounds over lung periphery is indicative of what condition?
• Which treatment option is commonly used for pneumonia?
• What action should a RT take for a patient with mechanical ventilation settings of PEEP 15 and low PaO2 levels?
• What is the recommended patient positioning for a patient with ARDS?
• What is required for a patient to determine their personal best using a peak flow meter?
• Why is Cardiac Index considered a more accurate measure than Cardiac Output alone?
• What situation could cause a patient using home O2 therapy to feel no oxygen from the cannula?
• When administering IPPB therapy, a failure to reach the set peak inspiratory pressure is likely due to what?
• What is the normal range for Cardiac Index in liters per minute?
• What is measured during Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FEno) testing?
• What imaging appearance typically indicates COPD or an asthma attack?
• How can the accuracy of a flowmeter be verified?
• Which symptom is commonly observed in patients experiencing acute respiratory failure?
• What is the primary benefit of using a pressure-limited ventilator in neonatal care?
• What can occur if fluid intake exceeds output?
• What APGAR score range indicates the need for resuscitation?
• What is the primary purpose of pulmonary angiography?
• What does the Nitrogen Wash Out method evaluate?
• What is the appropriate initial action if you are unable to maintain a patient's oxygen saturation levels during mechanical ventilation?
• Which chamber of the heart receives blood from systemic veins?
• Where is electrode V1 placed in relation to the sternum?
• What action should be taken if the manual resuscitation bag fills rapidly and collapses with minimal pressure during ventilation of a patient?
• Which of the following conditions could be suggested by diminished breath sounds in a patient?
• What range is recommended for the initial PEEP setting in patients with no prior information?
• What is the purpose of Exhaled Carbon Monoxide (FEco) testing?
• How does the change in helium concentration help determine FRC?
• What does an increase in electrical activity of the heart suggest regarding hypertrophy?
• Which condition is associated with a solid white area in imaging results?
• Which of the following is a sign of proper functioning of a chest tube drainage system?
• What is a common complication of nasal CPAP treatment?
• What is the expected pH change from too much liquid heparin in ABG samples?
• A whistling sound from a bubble humidifier indicates what?
• When are vascular markings increased in imaging?
• How does a pulmonary embolus typically appear on a chest X-ray?
• What is the recommended distance for the tip of the endotracheal tube (ETT) above the carina?
• Which of the following conditions could worsen a patient's respiratory status?
• What is a common feature of ARDS or IRDS on imaging studies?
• Where should a central venous catheter be inserted for proper placement?
• What is the maximum external diameter of a suction catheter in relation to the inside diameter of the endotracheal or tracheostomy tube?
• What does the Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) measure?
• In what situation would a high pulmonary artery pressure likely be observed?
• What is the suitable vacuum pressure range for adults?
• What should you check if distinct high and low values are not seen while monitoring PAP?
• What does CI stand for in the context of cardiac function?
• What does capnography primarily monitor in a patient?
• A unilateral wheeze during auscultation may suggest what condition?
• What does a decrease in FEno indicate about airway inflammation?
• What does the limit variable establish during inspiration?
• What condition is associated with hypokalemia?
• What is the recommended flow rate for oxygen delivery via a non-rebreather mask?
• For patients on oxygen therapy with no prior information, what is the initial FiO2 setting recommended?
• What does a Co-oximeter/Hemoximeter diagnose?
• What does Point of Care Testing refer to in a clinical setting?
• What direction does the normal axis of an ECG indicate during heart contraction?
• Which aspect does Inverse Ratio Ventilation (IRV) primarily improve in mechanical ventilation?
• Which factor could lead to inaccurate measurement of arterial blood gases?
• What is the initial phase of mechanical ventilation characterized by?
• What is the purpose of a computed tomography (CT) scan in pulmonary assessment?
• How does improper cooling of an ABG sample affect the PaCO2 level?
• What is the relationship between Cardiac Output and Cardiac Index?
• Which patient position is recommended for someone who is obese?
• What could be a consequence of a Cardiac Index greater than the normal range?
• A patient's blood gas shows a pH of 7.25. This indicates?
• In clinical practice, which setting would likely require ongoing monitoring of Cardiac Index?
• In initial mechanical ventilation settings, what should the respiratory rate (RR) typically be set at for adults?
• What should the RT recommend when a patient on mechanical ventilation suddenly shows cyanosis, trachea deviation, and absent breath sounds on the left?
• In the context of electrolyte balance, what does hypernatremia indicate?
• What is the impact of too much liquid heparin in an ABG sample?
• What does a PaCO2 level above 45 torr indicate about a patient’s ventilation status?
• What condition does hypochloremia indicate?
• What does time-cycled mechanical ventilation depend on?
• What appearance is indicative of pleural effusion on imaging?
• What is hypokalemia?
• What does radiolucent indicate in medical imaging?
• What should the RT do after an arterial blood sample is spilled on the lab counter?
• What is indicated by decreased values of FEF 200 - 1200?
• For transcutaneous PO2 and PCO2 measurement, how often should the electrode site be changed?
• What effect do air bubbles have on arterial blood gas (ABG) readings specifically on PaCO2?
• How can Cardiac Output (Qt) affect Cardiac Index?
• How does the axis shift in response to an infarction?
• What can abnormal electrolyte levels indicate?
• What is the recommended distance for an oral intubation tube at the patient's lips?
• What intervention should be taken when a patient has a PaCO2 above 45?
• What is a treatment option for ARDS or IRDS?
• What is the normal vacuum pressure range for infants?
• Which patient population may have a lower than average Cardiac Index?
• Which P/F ratio indicates the presence of Acute Lung Injury (ALI)?
• What is the most appropriate position for an obese patient experiencing dyspnea?
• What physiological change typically leads to decreased values in muscular mechanics of breathing?
• When utilizing Synchronous Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (SIMV), what benefit does it provide to patients?
• What is one factor that controls blood pressure?
• What condition is characterized by spiked T waves on an ECG?
• Which of the following factors is not part of the control of blood pressure?
• When the PaCO2 level is below 35 torr, what does this usually imply?
• What might indicate that a ventilated patient is experiencing inadequate oxygenation?
• Which factor does not directly influence Cardiac Index?
• Which condition indicates impending ventilatory failure?
• What is the normal range for Hemoglobin (Hb) according to the provided markers?
• How is the pack years of smoking calculated?
• What is the trigger variable in the context of positive pressure breathing?
• To confirm suspected tracheobronchial injury, what testing may be indicated?
• What is the formula for calculating PAO2?
• What characteristic appearance is associated with pulmonary edema?
• Which of the following is NOT a reason for increasing airway resistance?
• Which conditions are indications for an EEG?
• What should be done when plugging the trach tube for a speaking trial?
• What condition is indicated by an abnormal pH due to a change in HCO3?
• What does a P/F ratio below 200 torr signify in a patient?
• Which of the following is commonly treated with diuretics and digitalis?
• What does the term infiltrate refer to in radiology?
• In initial mechanical ventilation settings for infants, what is the recommended tidal volume (Vt) range?
• What is a typical sign that a self-inflating bag's valve may be stuck?